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Research ArticleNeuroscience Free access | 10.1172/JCI88321 Nigel A. Calcutt,1 Darrell R. Smith,2 Katie Frizzi,1 Mohammad Golam Sabbir,2 Subir K. Roy Chowdhury,2 Teresa Mixcoatl-Zecuatl,1 Ali Saleh,2 Nabeel Muttalib,1 Randy Van der Ploeg,2 Joseline Ochoa,1 Allison Gopaul,1 Lori Tessler,2 Jürgen Wess,3 Corinne G. Jolivalt,1 and Paul Fernyhough2,4 1Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA. 2Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Address correspondence to: Paul Fernyhough, R4046 – 351 Taché Avenue, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada. Phone: 204.235.3692; E-mail: pfernyhough@sbrc.ca. Find articles by Calcutt, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA. 2Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Address correspondence to: Paul Fernyhough, R4046 – 351 Taché Avenue, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada. Phone: 204.235.3692; E-mail: pfernyhough@sbrc.ca. Find articles by Smith, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA. 2Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Address correspondence to: Paul Fernyhough, R4046 – 351 Taché Avenue, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada. Phone: 204.235.3692; E-mail: pfernyhough@sbrc.ca. Find articles by Frizzi, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA. 2Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Address correspondence to: Paul Fernyhough, R4046 – 351 Taché Avenue, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada. Phone: 204.235.3692; E-mail: pfernyhough@sbrc.ca. Find articles by Sabbir, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA. 2Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Address correspondence to: Paul Fernyhough, R4046 – 351 Taché Avenue, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada. Phone: 204.235.3692; E-mail: pfernyhough@sbrc.ca. Find articles by Chowdhury, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA. 2Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory Read more…

Gastric band Surgery In France Severe obesity may be caused by this genetic mutation Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more…

Research Update Jan. 9, 2017 Three recent studies have shown how dietary and other environmental exposures, including those that shape the internal environment created by gut microbes, are critically important during the first few years of life, with implications for a lifetime of good health. These exposures include not only the diet of the mother and child, but also other experiences that have a large impact on the bacterial populations of a child’s gut, such as antibiotic treatment and delivery by vaginal or cesarean modes. More and more, the gut microbial community is being appreciated for its effects on human health, and the first 3 years of life is an important period for maturation of this gut microbial community. For example, by training the developing immune system, gut microbes are thought to play a possible role in guarding against autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as other immune-related diseases, including asthma and allergies. Early disturbances in the gut microbial community from such factors as antibiotics or cesarean delivery have also been linked to an increased risk for metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Studies by three research groups have delved into how great an impact these early exposures can have on infants, potentially affecting their future health. As part of the Healthy Start Study, researchers studied over 1,000 pairs of mothers and infants from multiple ethnic backgrounds to see how different types of foods eaten during pregnancy might affect infant body fat. The mothers were recruited during pregnancy. The researchers collected blood samples and information from the mothers on such subjects as physical activity and diet. Throughout pregnancy, participating mothers also completed several 24-hour dietary recalls online to provide a more complete picture of their diets. After delivery, information was collected in the hospital on the mothers and babies, including measurements of the infants’ length, weight, and skin-fold thickness. The researchers also estimated the infants’ body composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass. The mothers’ diet quality was measured using a scoring system based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The researchers found that consuming a lower-quality diet (e.g., more fat and sodium, and fewer fruits and vegetables) during pregnancy was associated with a higher percent of fat mass in the newborns, regardless of how much the women had weighed before pregnancy. The researchers plan to continue studying these infants to figure out what effect a larger fat mass at birth has on the risk of developing obesity in childhood and later in life. This study highlights a potential way to improve the health of newborns-eating more healthfully during pregnancy. Another research group followed the gut microbial development of 43 U.S. children during their first 2 years using genetic techniques to characterize the evolving community of bacterial species present in their stool samples during this dynamic period of development. They collected vaginal swabs, rectal swabs, and stool samples from mothers, both before and after delivery, and stool samples from the infants. Typically, infants’ gut microbes follow a developmental program of maturation with some species dominating the mix at certain stages, which continues from birth until around age 3, after which point the microbial mix resembles that of adults. The researchers identified three major phases in the development of the gut microbiome in early life, with a type of bacteria called Enterobacteriaceae dominating in the first month, a more dynamic period from 1 to 24 months of life, then a more adult-like gut bacterial community resembling their mothers’ around age 2 years. However, they observed that the predominant species in the mix were affected in early life by delivery mode (vaginal versus cesarean section), infant diet (breastfeeding versus formula feeding), Read more…

Gastric band Surgery In France Heart failure risk could be reversed with exercise program Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more…

Gastric band Surgery In France Does green tea help weight loss? Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more…

Research ArticleEndocrinologyGenetics Free access | 10.1172/JCI88648 Lisa C. Burnett,1,2,3 Charles A. LeDuc,2,3,4 Carlos R. Sulsona,5 Daniel Paull,6 Richard Rausch,2,3 Sanaa Eddiry,7 Jayne F. Martin Carli,2,3,8 Michael V. Morabito,2,3 Alicja A. Skowronski,1,2,3 Gabriela Hubner,9 Matthew Zimmer,6 Liheng Wang,2,3 Robert Day,10 Brynn Levy,11 Ilene Fennoy,12 Beatrice Dubern,13 Christine Poitou,13 Karine Clement,13 Merlin G. Butler,14 Michael Rosenbaum,2,3 Jean Pierre Salles,7,15 Maithe Tauber,7,15,16 Daniel J. Driscoll,5,17 Dieter Egli,2,3,6 and Rudolph L. Leibel2,3,4 1Institute of Human Nutrition, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, and 3Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4New York Obesity Research Center, New York, New York, USA. 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida, USA. 6The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA. 7Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5282, INSERM UMR 1043, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 8Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 9Packer Collegiate Institute, New York, New York, USA. 10Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. 11Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 12Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 13Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, University Pierre et Marie-Curie, INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France. 14Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Research and Genetics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. 15Unité d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital des Enfants, and 16Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France. 17Center for Epigenetics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Address correspondence to: Lisa C. Burnett or Rudolph L. Leibel, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue Russ Berrie Pavilion Room 620 New York, NY 10033; Phone: 212 851 5315; E-mail: lmc2200@cumc.columbia.edu (L.C. Burnett); rl2332@cumc.columbia.edu (R.L. Leibel). Find articles by Burnett, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Institute of Human Nutrition, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, and 3Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4New York Obesity Research Center, New York, New York, USA. 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida, USA. 6The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA. 7Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5282, INSERM UMR 1043, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 8Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 9Packer Collegiate Institute, New York, New York, USA. 10Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. 11Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 12Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 13Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, University Pierre et Marie-Curie, INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France. 14Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Read more…